The areas most often affected are those having greatest contact with water (showers, pipes, taps, spa areas, etc.).
In nature, limescale is present due to the ‘dissolution’ of limestone in the path of water from the source downstream; calcium and magnesium salts constitute its hardness.
The crystallisation/precipitation of limescale is encouraged both by the increase in water temperature and by the presence of pipes with a corroded or not very smooth surface (in fact the phenomenon occurs much more on iron pipes than on Teflon pipes); also when pipes have a section that is not particularly large and, therefore, the water that circulates there undergoes an increase in pressure. In short, at high temperatures and pressures limescale crystallises with greater ease, because by heating the water the hardness produces a chemical reaction with the formation of calcium carbonate and magnesium (commonly called limescale) and carbon dioxide.
Scientifically speaking, limescale is a calcium carbonate deposit that is created in the presence of water which has particular “hardness”.